3斤肉上桌只剩1斤多店家称是正常现象******
□ 本报记者 张守坤
“我们点了3斤肉，结果菜端上桌之后重量只有1斤多。从店员到厨师再到老板都说菜品缩水是正常现象。”
在天津工作的张文(化名)不久前和几位朋友一起来到一家铁锅炖吃饭。店内富有东北特色的装修和座无虚席的大厅让张文对菜品充满期待，但等到菜上了桌，张文感觉到不对。
张文告诉《法治日报》记者，他们点的3斤肉包括1斤鸡肉、2斤鹅肉，服务员把菜倒进锅里后，分量一眼看上去就不对，而且只能看到鸡头和鸡爪。“我们刚开始以为是饭店少上了鹅肉，便叫来服务员询问情况。服务员表示菜品已经上全了，还找来了厨师，厨师说这些肉都是他刚刚炒过的，鹅肉鸡肉都在不会有错。”
最后，饭店老板也来了，坚持说菜品没有任何问题：“我们的肉分量都是足的，只是生肉变成熟肉的过程中会缩水，1斤生肉制成菜品可能在6两左右，这都很正常，不信的话可以去后厨看。”但当张文真准备去看时，老板却又借故离开，摆摆手说“店里生意忙，不要再闹了”，还说多送他们一份花卷和贴饼。
“这样看来，3斤肉熟了后可能只剩一半，缩水多少全由老板说了算，根本不公平。”张文说，除了肉量少，肉的“内容”也让他们感到不满。“锅里鸡脖鸡头鸡屁股都有，还有全是白膘的带皮鹅肉，真正能吃的没多少。”
缺斤短两、菜品缩水、以次充好、掺杂水分……张文就餐时遇到的糟心情况并非个例。北京市民孙洋(化名)不久前来到一家蒸汽石锅鱼店就餐，在选鱼时，老板不仅将桶和里面的水一起称重，结账时本来3斤多的鱼，却按4斤计算收费。
近日，海南省三亚市综合行政执法局发布多批旅游市场整治典型案例，就有商家擅自偷换消费者提供用于海鲜加工的活鱼、在销售皮皮虾的过程中存在掺杂水分、缺斤短两等情况。
中国法学会消费者权益保护法研究会副秘书长陈音江向记者介绍，类似这种“缩水”的缺斤短两行为，是餐饮界不够诚信守法商家的借口。不只是肉，很多食材煮熟后都会严重缩水，餐饮机构作为专业一方，生熟关系应当提前进行说明，或者在菜单上标明，顾客要求对菜品进行查看，称量时也应配合，充分保障消费者的知情权和选择权。
陈音江举例说，假如消费者要了一份炒鸡，结果全是或者大部分是鸡头鸡脚这样的边角料，明显不符合一般人的消费习惯，属于以次充好，涉嫌侵犯消费者的知情权和公平交易权。
中国政法大学副教授、中国法学会商法学研究会理事兼副秘书长朱晓娟认为，就餐中的消费者权益保障问题是关系民生的重大问题，各方应共同打造和维护安全、合理、公平的就餐质量、环境与秩序。
朱晓娟建议，商家要树立长线思维，诚实守信，应该依照餐饮行业惯例对就餐食材的计量方式等进行明示告知。对于行业协会而言，应该针对餐饮消费中反映的普遍问题进行针对性行业指引，出台自律管理细则，引导餐饮行业建立并执行合理的行业惯例，要求餐饮企业对事关消费者合法权益的相关事项进行必要的解释与说明，做到让消费者明明白白消费，充分发挥行业协会的引领作用。
北京瀛和(三亚)律师事务所执行主任张华认为，监管部门除了关注餐饮经营企业的许可、卫生条件等硬件外，对于餐饮消费中损害消费者权益的问题应进行主动监管，采取抽查、约谈等方式进行事前事中的防范与规制，对于有关投诉，要及时回应与处置。
在江苏省法学会经济法研究会理事长、江苏大学法学院副教授杜乐其看来，有关部门应加大信息化管理力度，比如某餐厅出现欺诈行为，就要第一时间将此餐厅的信用记录发布在官方网站或者公众号。同时监管部门可以加强对投诉的途径和方法的宣传力度，提高消费者的维权意识和能力。
“还应规范餐厅菜单和发票的设计，实现信息对称。菜单、发票的设计要规范、全面，比如注明菜肴的名称、分量、价格以及原料的规格；在客人结账时提供规范的发票，发票上有菜肴名称、单位、单价以及总价，这样如果消费者遭遇欺诈，发票就会成为一个有力的证据。只有充分实现消费者与经营者的信息对称，才能最大限度地防止消费者被欺诈。”杜乐其说。
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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